Objectives of Chandrayaan-3 Upon Moon Landing
The Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft is projected to enter the lunar orbit approximately one month following its launch. The anticipated date for the moon landing of the lander, Vikram, and the rover, Pragyaan, is August 23.
On Friday, India launched its Chandrayaan-3 mission with the objective of successfully landing a spacecraft on the lunar surface, a remarkable achievement accomplished thus far only by the United States, Russia, and China. The Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft is scheduled to enter the lunar orbit approximately one month after its launch. Anticipated for August 23, the landing of the lander, Vikram, and the rover, Pragyaan, on the moon holds significant promise.
Chandrayaan-3 was launched into space aboard the LVM3 rocket from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota. Once in orbit, the propulsion module will transport the lander and rover configuration to a lunar orbit of 100 kilometers. The lander will subsequently separate from the propulsion module and undertake a controlled descent for a soft landing on the lunar surface.
The propulsion module also carries the Spectro-polarimetry of Habitable Planet Earth (SHAPE) payload, which will analyze Earth’s light to study its spectral and polarimetric properties.
Chandrayaan-3 is a follow-up mission to Chandrayaan-2, with the objective of landing a spacecraft on the moon and deploying a rover to explore its surface. The rover will collect data on the moon’s composition and geology, providing valuable insights into the history and evolution of our closest celestial neighbor.
During the previous Chandrayaan-2 mission, there were off-nominal conditions that affected the system, preventing a safe landing. Chandrayaan-3 aims to rectify these issues and ensure a successful landing.
In addition to the primary goal of landing on the moon, Chandrayaan-3 will conduct scientific experiments to study the lunar environment, including its geological history and potential resources.
The mission is equipped with six payloads designed to study lunar soil and capture photographs of Earth from the lunar orbit.
LVM3 M4 vehicle successfully launched Chandrayaan-3 into orbit.
Throughout its 14-day mission (equivalent to one lunar day) after landing, Chandrayaan-3 will conduct groundbreaking experiments using the RAMBHA and ILSA payloads. These experiments will investigate the moon’s atmosphere and analyze its mineral composition by digging into the lunar surface.
The lander, Vikram, will capture images of the rover, Pragyaan, as it deploys its instruments to study seismic activity on the moon. Pragyaan will utilize laser beams to melt lunar regolith (the lunar surface material) and analyze the emitted gases.
This mission aims to provide India with valuable knowledge about the lunar surface and its potential for future human habitation.
ISRO chief, S Somnath, noted that a location near the equator is considered more favorable for human settlement, given factors such as water availability, temperature stability, and solar power generation.
Chandrayaan-3 also carries the Radio Anatomy of Moon Bound Hypersensitive Ionosphere and Atmosphere (RAMBHA) payload, which will measure the density of charged particles in the vicinity of the lunar surface and monitor their variations over time.
Furthermore, the Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) will analyze the chemical composition of the moon’s surface and provide insights into its mineralogical makeup. The Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscope (LIBS) will complement this analysis by determining the elemental composition of lunar soil.
To avoid the extreme cold temperatures of -232 degrees Celsius during the moon’s night, Chandrayaan-3 will target the moon’s south pole at a latitude of 70 degrees before nightfall. This strategic choice of location aims to ensure optimal operational conditions for the mission.
The spacecraft is scheduled to make a landing on the lunar surface at 5:47 pm on August 23.
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